Saturday, December 28, 2019

Alcoholism Essay - 651 Words

Alcoholism and its Effects On the Family nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alcohol is a very powerful drug. It can ruin someone’s life. It may also be able to ruin everyone that alcoholic lives around. But first what is alcoholism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alcoholism is a chronic disorder characterized by dependence on alcohol, repeated excessive use of alcoholic beverages, development of withdrawal symptoms on reducing or ceasing alcohol intake, morbidity that may include cirrhosis of the liver, and decreased ability to function socially and vocationally. Currently believed by many to be a disease with strong genetic links. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One thing that defines alcoholism is denial. Early in the development of†¦show more content†¦That parent spends most of the time going from problem to problem. Financial problems are not unusual. At this point the parent is likely to seek outside help.(Harrison) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Now we are starting to rebuild the structure and regain control. The non-alcoholic parent coping abilities have become strengthened. He or she gradually takes over a larger share of the responsibility for the family. This may mean getting a job or taking over the money. Rather than focusing on getting the alcoholic to shape up, the spouse is now taking charge and tries to encourage family life, in spite of the alcoholism.(Harrison) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Now it is time to try and get away from the alcoholic. Separation or divorce may be tried. If the family remains together, the family continues living around the alcoholic. In the case of separation, family reform occurs without the alcoholic member. If the alcoholic achieves sobriety, a resolution may take place. Either way, both parents must straighten up their roles within the family and make new adjustments.(Harrison) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many places you can go to get help. First of all there is Alcoholics Anonymous which is for those who are drinking and want to go get help with there disease. Then there is Ala-non which is for those who have a close relationship with the alcoholic. Ala-non helps them by giving them ideas on how to cope with an alcoholic. There is another typeShow MoreRelatedAlcoholism : Alcoholism And Alcoholism2482 Words   |  10 Pageslead to extreme alcohol abuse and even alcoholism. The society we live in is strongly prejudiced by alcohol, and affects people of all ages, gender, and background. It has been uncovered to millionaires to the homeless. Alcohol abuse has been a problem throughout the history of humanity; it is a disease which has caused many people to be overcome with trouble, problems, and debts also pattern of drinking that interferes with day-to-day activities. Alcoholism is a term that is widely recognized throughoutRead MoreAlcoholism The Di sease : Alcoholism And Alcoholism1829 Words   |  8 PagesAlcoholism the Disease According to the Dual Diagnosis website, â€Å"In 2012, as many as 87.6 percent of American adults over age 18 were reported in a SAHMSA†¦study to have consumed alcohol at some point in their lives†¦The National Institutes of Health†¦estimated that 17 million adults in the United States in 2012 had an alcohol use disorder† (â€Å"Disease†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Approximately one in every 12 people either are abusing alcohol, or they are becoming, if not are, victims of alcoholism (National†¦). Alcohol consumptionRead MoreAlcoholism And Their Effects On Alcoholism Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesMillions of people every year are affected by alcoholism. Both those suffering from alcoholism, and their family members. Out of the millions effected, only a fraction of them seek help in taking control of their addiction. There are many similarities between individual cases of alcoholism, and countless resources to help those who wish to stop drinking, and rekindle their relationships with their families. Statistics In 2014 in the United States 87.6% of people age 18 and older have reported drinkingRead MoreThe Dangers Of Alcoholism And Alcoholism1165 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone to drink and how can they overcome alcoholism? Are a person s emotions the motivating factor to suppress depression or hate? Are social groups, peer pressure, or the need to fit in the primary motivator or is it a result from the type of environment the drinker was raised in? Is it possible to overcome alcoholism and live a happy and normal life? Let’s take a look at a few of the factors that could motivate someone to fall victim to alcoholism and the chances of overcoming this dreadfulRead MoreAlcoholism : Is Alcoholism A Disease?929 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism has raised many debates over the truth of its nature. Many scholars argue that alcoholism can be treated as a disease. Such approach to defining alcoholism means denying that alcohol abusers own a choice. In consequence, the treatment related diffe rs and may or may not actually help alcoholics recover. A wrong diagnostic of this addiction can lead to serious health issues; therefore, it is vital to answer the following question: Is alcoholism a disease? Most experts in this field criticisesRead MoreAlcoholism And Dependency Of Alcoholism924 Words   |  4 Pagessources. The research study that will be the main focus of this paper will be on alcoholism and topics discussed on the dependency of alcoholism. One will come across with articles having different discuss on the effects, use of and dependency of alcoholism. The introduction section will include a brief definition of alcoholism. Overall the paper will discuss about the causes of alcoholism, effects of alcoholism, the treatment for alcohol dependence. Method section will discuss about the participantsRead MoreAlcoholism Is An Epidemic Of Alcoholism1492 Words   |  6 Pages It’s no secret that alcoholism is an epidemic. Anyone can fall prisoner to its call. Alcoholism knows no gender, no age, and no race. Alcoholism is an addiction to alcohol. This addiction is not a joke, or a reason to shame others. Its effects on people can be fatal. Alcoholism has claimed the lives of many people. Not always in the same way, but all the same a life lost. The way that some people lose their lives is listed as following: they lose their family, friends, homes, jobs, and etc. nowRead MoreThe Problem Of Alcoholism And Alcoholism1539 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholism proves to be a leading cause of brain damage and body malfunction all across America, ultimately endangering your life and the ones around you, but overcoming alcoholism seems to be a harder obstacle to overcome because this addictive drug imprints denial on your brain and makes you think you can stop drinking whenever you want. Denial is one of the hardest hurdles to jump over to getting help for al coholism and abuse. The desire to drink is so strong that the mind finds ways to rationalizeRead MoreAlcoholism And Its Effects On Alcoholism2456 Words   |  10 Pages Alcoholism is one of the most intractable and pervasive psychological disorders known. Though the negative health consequences of alcohol are widely understood, and, if anything, the social consequences of alcoholism are even more widely acknowledged, it seems that no matter what steps are taken by public health officials or private organizations, no strategy can ever be fully developed for eradicating alcoholism. There are a number of reasons why this is true. This paper will explore some ofRead MoreAlcoholism : An Exploration Of Alcoholism2043 Words   |  9 PagesDrink Too Many: An Exploration of Alcoholism Many adults can enjoy a drink or two from time to time without any issues, but just one drink can cause over seventeen million Americans’ lives to spiral out of control. Though most people do not have issues with drinking alcoholic beverages, many have a condition which causes their brain to function differently when they consume alcohol. This disease can be deadly for both the alcoholic and those around them. Alcoholism can control someone’s life, and

Friday, December 20, 2019

Women Should Be Integrated Into Combat Positions - 1057 Words

Women should be integrated into combat positions such as infantry, artillery, and Special Forces. If a woman chooses this kind of challenge, then she is more than capable. Women are as tough as men. They can do what a man can do, and if that is going into combat then yes, why not? Women can fight, shoot, run, work hard, and win for this country like the men of this country do. Women have been in combat for a long time, but now women are actually in combat rather than helping the men out with injuries, being a laundresses, a cook, and a nurse. Women can go into combat, just like a man. Women should be let onto infantry and artillery positions. Women have been involved in our nation’s military since the Revolutionary War, serving not only as nurses and cooks, but also supplying water to thirsty soldiers on the battlefield. Throughout history, men have always fought our battles while women stood by, but what if I told you that in some countries, women are fighting alongside men inside combat zones? Here in the U.S., there is an immeasurable disagreement about equality in the military. One of the supporting arguments is that several other countries outside the U.S. already have women serving on the front lines. Countries such as Canada, New Zealand, and Australia, all have allowed women to serve in any type combat that they qualify in and or meet requirements. While there are several countries that don’t allow women in combat, the U.S. has recently had the biggest sparringShow MoreRelatedWomen Should Not Be Allowed For Military Combat1507 Words   |   7 PagesMany people believe that women should not be allowed to serve in military combat. This is ridiculous, as many women have achieved great military success throughout history. At first, women mainly served as nurses and sometimes as spies, as in the cases of Harriet Tubman and Mary Ludwig Hays. â€Å"Mary went to a nearby stream and repeatedly carried containers of water to the soldiers...she also carried wounded men to safety and took over firing her husband’s gun when he became wounded† (Worth 16). TubmanRead MoreWomen and the Military1125 Words   |  5 PagesWomen and the Military Statistics show that the U.S. armed forces currently employ over 229,000 women in its various branches (Donnelly 8). This figure had been increasing exponentially for over 30 years. It s no surprise to men that women are becoming an important factor in the U.S. military and now occupy every position expect those on the front lines. With the infiltration of women in the services in 1972, great controversy has arisen and has become a highly argued issue (DonnellyRead MoreRoles Of Women During History903 Words   |  4 Pages Women throughout history have made great strides in gender equality. Unfortunately, there is still a long way to go. Career choices should be just that; a choice, not exclusion solely based upon gender. Joining the armed services for most is about service to your country, honor, and pride: For women this also includes limitations. Is it fair to limit what is accepted from women in terms of what roles they are allowed to serve in? Excluding women f rom serving in certain combat units sends aRead More Women in Combat Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in Combat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women have played a tremendous role in many countries armed forces from the past to the present. Women have thoroughly integrated into the armed forces; all positions in the armed forces should be fully accessible to women who can compete with men intellectually and physically. Yet, many argue that the distinction between combat and non-combat becomes blurred in the context of women warfare (Ladin; Holm, Hoar). In actuality, many women are assigned to jobs that willRead MoreRole Of Women Into Combat Roles During Marine Corps Infantry And Other Ground Combat Schools1649 Words   |  7 PagesDue to the expected integration of women into combat roles, the Marine Corps trained 233 female Marines in Marine Corps infantry and other ground combat schools (Michaels). Of those 233, less than half passed the minimum requirement of pull-ups (AP). In 1994 the â€Å"Direct Ground Combat Definition and Assignment Rule† was installed to remove women from direct combat roles (Hovey). In the time since, social justice groups have fought for equality for women, the LGBT community, and minority groups concerningRead More Women in the Military Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesShould women be allowed in the military? My answer was at first a resounding â€Å"no.† However, once I started my research, my opinion changed. In 1948, Congress passed the combat exclusion law that prohibited women in the Air Force, Marines, and Navy to hold combat positions; however, the Army can assign these duties as they see fit (Schroeder). Some people assume that Americans are not ready to see a woman wounded or killed in war; however, there are female police officers that are wounded or killedRead MoreThe Civil Field Or Clerical Support1165 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, the military totally excluded women from certain combat jobs due to their gender. â€Å"For most of the history of the U.S. military women have only served in roles in the medical field or clerical support† (Barry,19). Some of this is due to the different physical abilities between genders; cost of logistics and military effectiveness. We should not make every combat arm Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) of the United States military gender neutral. â€Å"Women were made a permanent part of the militaryRead MoreNearly One-Fifth Of The U.S Military Is Female, However1319 Words   |  6 Pageshowever certain jobs are not eligible for women. Is it believed that women are not considered for front-line combat and Special Forces positions. Opponents argue that women are physically not capable of being effective for troops and would distract men making the military less effective. However women are fully capable of becoming troops the only thing holding them back is the stereotype that they are not physically capable of handing combat roles. Women in the military have changed drasticallyRead MoreWomen During World War II1450 Words   |  6 PagesWomen and war have always been considered to have little in common. As the gentle sex, women are traditionally associated with the care and creation of life rather than with its destruction. However, over the past twenty years, women have increasingly served, and continue to serve, with valor and integrity in the Unites States Armed Forces (Kamarack, 2015). Although women have successfully proved themselves in the military, they should be restricted from entering into direct combat because they areRead MoreWomen During World War II1508 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout American history, women have contributed greatly to the war effort and military support of our troops. It began as early as the Revolutionary War when women followed their husbands to war out of necessity. Many served in military camps as laundresses, cooks, and nurses but only with permission from the comman ding officers and only if they proved they were helpful (â€Å"Timeline: Women in the U.S. Military†). During World War II, more than 400,000 women served at home and abroad as mechanics

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Corporate Communications and Public Relations

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Communications and Public Relations. Answer: Introduction Johns Outback Adventures Tours is a company owned by John Perkin. According to Johns adventures tours (2017) John has over 30 years of experience in leading tours in Western Australia. He is said to a vast knowledge of wild flowers due to many years of tourism and being familiar with Western Australias flora (Johns adventures tours (2017). The main clients of the company are international tourist and majorly Chinese nationals. An analysis of the company Public relations and corporate communication indicated major issues that needed immediate attention. Corporate communications involve communication activities undertaken by an organisation internally as well as externally. It is important in building departmental bridges to enhance smooth flow of communication (Grunig 2013). On the other hand, public relations involves identification, building and nurturing relationships between the company and the publics with the aim of promoting an organisations reputations through visible channels like editors and reporters who communicate about the organisation using the information provided to them. This report will focus on developing effective organisational culture as well team communication for Johns Outback Adventures Tours. According to Jung, et al (2009) organisational culture is shared values, practices, attitudes and goals that make an organisation. It is the way behave around and the way we treat our customers, colleagues and community. Development of organisation culture becomes the first priority is because organisational culture is responsible for shaping the personality of companies (Hearn, et al 2009). This organisational personality distinguishes a company from other companies offering similar products or services. In addition, organisational culture is responsible for developing rules and procedures that govern employee actions and conducts reflecting business aspects. Effective team communication is also a very important action that needs to be prioritised. According to Grunig (2013) a team that communicates efficiently reaps the fruits of efficient action as time lost to misinterpretation of messages is cut down. Poor communication in a team results in team members taking incorrect actions. Promoting team communication leads to the right actions and in time project completion. In addition, effective team communication allows teams to cope with ever changing business world as team members hold each others hands during change thus encouraging participation and creating understanding and team spirit (Watson Noble 2007). When an organisation had a good organisational culture and teams can communicate effectively, then issues like conflict management, ethical issues in public relations and intercultural relations can be addressed easily as their will be a guideline as well as team spirit to take care of the issues. Organisational culture can give a guideline on how to prepare corporate communication literature effectively as it stipulates the image that the organisation needs to portray to the public. The role of corporate communication and public relation writer can be clearly drawn if there is developed team communication. Organisational culture training content This outline will break down all the topics that will be covered during the organisational culture development training for Johns Outback Adventures Tours staff. Understand what organisation culture is Identify and analyse any existing culture in the organisation Develop an action plan for changes in organisational culture Definition of culture The team will engage in detailed discussion to promote understanding of what culture is. This discussion should generate a definition that is agreeable to participants. This will help the participants address culture in terms of how it is applied within organisations and understand clearly why organisational culture is important. Diagnosing organisational culture This is the most important section of the training. The participants will be taken through different steps that will aide an in-depth understanding of components of organisational culture. These steps include, describing the artefacts of culture, identifying espoused values of culture, identifying underlying assumptions of culture and determining if the assumptions have negative or positive effects on the improvements that are hoped for. To train on organisational culture management the participants are go through the assumptions that would have positive effects on hoped for improvements. The objective of this is to help the participants identify the steps that they can individually take in their sections. Then the assumptions that could have negative effects to the hopped for improvements are considered to help the participants realise the amount of cost needed in terms of time, money, energy and goodwill for development of a good organisational culture. This encourages the particip ants to work with objectives that are within their capabilities and are realistic. In addition, the participants will learn change management skills that will make it easier to convince team members to embrace change. After all the assumptions have been analysed and necessary steps identified, the participants should develop action plan for developing organisational culture. The action plans should be developed for each department and then amalgamated for the general organisation action plan. The action plan should detail all the steps and activities that will be taken to create the kind of organisational culture that is appropriate for the company growth. Effective team communication training content This is an outline for the topics that will be covered during Johns Outback Adventures Tours staff training on the topic of effective team communication. Learning outcomes Identify the importance of communication in an organisation and methods of communication Identify importance of team communication Learn how to handle difficult cases of communication Definition and Importance of communicating The participants will brain storm and agree on a definition for communication. Then they will go further and detail down the importance of communication in an organisation and in a team. According to Merrilees and Miller (2008) brain storming is an effective learning method as it encourages exchange of ideas and active participation of all thus developing broad view of ideas. Methods of communication The participants will learn about different methods of communications that exist and conduct an in-depth analysis of pro and cons of each method. The methods of communications to be covered will fall under, oral, written and nonverbal communication methods. Why is effective communication important for a team? The team will learn the role played by effective team communication in inspiring and influencing creativity and performance of employees. Team communication also influences how feedback about performance is given and impacts on performance improvement by encouraging goal setting to achieve different mile stones. Handling difficult situations and difficult personalities This will empower participants by learning different approaches they can use when faced by difficult situations or personalities. They learn the importance of using diplomatic channels in such cases to get desirable results. Analysing existing team communication processes At this stage the participants will conduct a situation analysis of the current team communication state of affairs. This will detail all the communication methods that are used at the moment and the level of impact they have, any communication challenges that exist and suggest the possible reason for the challenges and also clearly identify communication best practices that are in place. This will give the participants a clear picture of why they need to improve the communication in their teams and the level of urgency of the matter (Grunig 2013). Developing new team communication strategies for better performance After the thorough analysis of the companys team communication state of affairs, the participants will come up with new communication strategies that will address the challenges and bridge existing gaps. Then they will be expected to implement the strategies in their respective departments to foster effective communication. Employee training program implementation The training program for organisational culture development and effective team communication development will take 3 days. This program is best offered to management level employees, departmental heads and supervisors who upon receiving the training will pass on the skills to their team members using practical situations and during meetings. I would suggest creating an organisation development committee that will be tasked with attending training forums for organisation improvement then training others. The members of the committee should be drawn from all departments. The areas of training and training participants have been identified and the training plan developed. Determine who will be conducting the training. Will you outsource or do you have employee who can do it. If you are outsourcing scout for a trainer early, check the referees for work quality, and request for quotations to decide on who is affordable to you. Create a training budget and make sure to include training materials, speaker fees, food and any other expense that might be incurred. Budgeting is important as it promotes transparency and accountability while minimising unplanned spending (Grunig 2013). Remember to follow the companys budgetary processes. In addition, create an evaluation sheet or form that the participants will fill after the training to determine whether the scope of the training was met. After the budget is released allocate the money per training program. This will ensure that all the training programs scheduled are catered for in advance and adequately. Select a trainer to do the training. This could be from an external firm or the companys employee who is competent enough in the area in question. Set expectations that are clear for the trainer and establish feedback systems to determine how the training expectations are being met. Before the trainer starts the job make sure to have him sign a contract detailing all the terms and conditions that must be observed during the assignment. After the training is completed, carry out evaluations immediately by ensuring the participants fill evaluation forms. Analyse the results to determine the need for future training. According to Xavier, et al (2005) evaluations are important in determining the need for improvement as they unearth weaknesses and challenges in projects. Continue to follow up the effectiveness of the skill in the departments to determine their impact on overall performance of the business. Recommendations Johns Outback Adventures Tours must prioritize the development of an organizational culture that is inclusive and appreciative of people of all ethnic backgrounds as well as languages and appreciate diversity. This can be achieved by employing multilingual employees who will bridge the intercultural communication gap and train others on intercultural issues. To make the development of organizational culture easy, Johns Outback Adventures Tours must first develop companys mission, vision, core values. According to Hearn, et al (2009) core values determine and shape n organizations culture. This will give a clear direction to employees about what is expected of them when at work. To foster teamwork and team communication, Johns Outback Adventures Tours management should establish a system to recognize the best performing team and rewarding their efforts. This will challenge all the teams to put the best foot forward. The organization should also consider regular taking the employees on team building retreats to instill the team spirit in all employees. Conclusion In public relations and corporate communication, organisational culture and effective team communication are very important. These two aspects lay the ground for all other aspects. Organisational culture enable establishment of rules and regulations that govern an organisations activities. This makes decision making easier and faster. On the other hand effective team communication helps in accurate delivery of messages and promotes the taking of the right action. This further strengths the culture as the right procedures are followed hence boosting companys image in public and customers eyes. References Grunig, J.E., 2013. Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hearn, G., Foth, M. and Gray, H., 2009. Applications and implementations of new media in corporate communications: An action research approach. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 14(1), pp.49-61. Johns adventures tours (2017) accessed on 21 March 2017. www.australianwildflowertours.com Jung, T., Scott, T., Davies, H.T., Bower, P., Whalley, D., McNally, R. and Mannion, R., 2009. Instruments for exploring organizational culture: A review of the literature. Public administration review, 69(6), pp.1087-1096. Merrilees, B. and Miller, D., 2008. Principles of corporate rebranding. European Journal of Marketing, 42(5/6), pp.537-552. Watson, T. and Noble, P., 2007. Evaluating public relations: A best practice guide to public relations planning, research and evaluation. Kogan Page Publishers. Xavier, R., Johnston, K., Patel, A., Watson, T. and Simmons, P., 2005. Using evaluation techniques and performance claims to demonstrate public relations impact: An Australian perspective. Public Relations Review, 31(3), pp.417-424.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Firm resources and sustained competitive - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Firm resources and sustained competitive. Answer: Introduction: Strategy farmed by the organization includes goals and objectives of the organization and it also define the major plans to be achieved and for this purpose it include the current activities conducted by the organization and further activities also. In other words, strategy is the common thread which mainly link the activities conducted by the organization and external markets. Particular rules are adopted by the management for the purpose of assessing the four key elements and these rules include products and markets in which organization are interested, changes made in plans for this component, operational synergies, and competitive advantage(Ansoff, 2007). Strategic process of any organization creates an important connection with the external environment for the purpose of conducting strategic analysis. External environment of the organization must be considered as important part for strategic analysis and this environment is broader in scope. It is necessary for organization to consider all possible solutions and other external environmental factors while framing the best strategy to meet the organizational objectives(Barney J. , 1991). Structure of the report includes importance of external environment in strategic management and issues faced by strategy makers, barriers which results in issues and problems while making the strategy, argument in this context, action plan, recommendations. Lastly, paper is concluded with brief conclusion. Importance of external factors in strategic management: Evaluation of external factors mainly focused on the future and it mainly consider those factors that are important for the organization. Organization of the external environment is the organization which has set of factors lies outside the organization. For example, economic, social and political trends of the country, technological capabilities and competition, could in some manner affect the activities of the organization for the purpose of achieving its goals. The main aim of the external environment strategic analysis is to consider these external factors and their effect. Some of these factors are trade relations of the organization and conditions related to investment liberalization, development of technology, rapid changes occurred in conditions, globalization, expansion of consumers choice, increased competition(Barney, 1997). Continuous changes are occurred in the external environment and it results in dynamic business environment. Pressure is created on companies to reduce their cost, increase efficiency and quality level of innovation. Specifically, increase in competition also give rise to the question that is how to retain existing profitable customers and it also how to attract new customers in the organization. Various factors provide high degree of competition to the companies operated in market and these factors include changes occurred in the choice and need of the consumers and number of business entities are increased. Competition is considered as force which pushes the organizations to make changes in their search related to effective solutions for the issues. Therefore, it is necessary for organization to know how to deal with these issues(David, 2007). For the purpose of establishing strong position in the market and for earning high profit to increase the advantages, companies adopt different strategies. Some organizations mainly consider the price of their products, some consider quality of the products, and some organizations other factors(Grant M. , 2005). Marketing strategy framed by organization mainly helps the organization to determine whether business is possible in competitive environment. It must be noted that marketing strategy of the organization does not framed on the basis of random factors, but strategy is influenced by the macro environment (uncontrollable environmental factors) and also the micro environment. It includes external forces and these forces are linked with the will of the company for the purpose of achieving its goals. It affects the internal structure of the company and also culture, personnel, production and financial opportunities. All these factors are evaluated by the organization as a complete opportunity for improving the competitiveness. For the purpose of ensuring effective working of the marketing strategy, organization must determine the internal and external conditions and also the internal and external conditions of their competitors. Evaluation of external factors helps the organization to ensure active mode of management instead of passive. In active mode of management, managers mainly consider the future events and plan accordingly, and he also considers the available opportunities and other situations which are favorable for the organization. Active mangers recognize the threats for the organization and how to deal with these threats. Therefore, it can be said that organization with active managers are efficient, effective and successful(Grant, 2008). Porters five forces of model: Porters five forces of model are used by organizations as an analysis tool, and in this five industry forces are used for the purpose of determining the intensity of the organization and also the level of profitability. This model was created in 1979 by M. Porter, and through this organization determines the five key competitive factors which directly affect the industry. Following are the five competitive factors which must be analyze by the organization: Threats- this force consider the entry of new entrants in the market, and determine how easy it is for organization to enter into particular market. It is necessary for the existing organizations to create high barriers to reduce the entry of new entrants(Future orientation, 2010). Bargaining power of suppliers- strong power of bargaining enables the suppliers to sell the raw materials at higher price and also low quality raw materials to the buyer. All these factors directly influenced the profits of the buying firms. Bargaining power of buyers- in this if bargaining power of the buyers is strong then they can demand lower price or higher product quality from industry producers. Threats of substitutes- This factor consider the threat of alternatives, in which it is easy for buyers to find the substitute products with attractive prices or better quality and when buyers switch from one product or service to another with little cost. Rivalry from existing competitors- this force is considered as major determinant on how competitive and profitable an industry is. This model determines a structure of the industry and the competition level exists in the industry. In case any industry have low barriers in context of entry, very less buyers and suppliers, but with number of alternative products and competitors will be considered an competitive industry and therefore not very attractive because of its low profitability.(Dzemyda, 2014) Issues faced by strategy makers: Strategy makers face various issues while making the strategy for external environment factors. In other words, organizations face various issues while conducting strategic planning process and it is necessary to understand and address these issues. Some of these issues are stated in detail below: Task environment of any business includes the components of the environment that directly affects the company, and these components include suppliers, customers, and competitors. It is necessary for strategy maker to consider these components while making the strategy. This can be understood through example; customers is the most important part of the strategic decision making and any strategy which does not consider the needs and requirements of the customer can potentially results in great loss to the organization. Strategy makers also face the issue related to identification of components which indirectly affect the business activities such as government, socio-cultural, technological and economic conditions. This can be understood through example; organization must comply with the taxation, labor market and industry-related regulation and in case strategy makers fail to consider these factors will face severe issues such as loss of opportunity and new threats in future(ISU, 2015). Another issue faced by strategy makers is identification of reliable source of innovation. It must be noted that environment holds different reliable sources of innovation for the purpose of an entrepreneurial venture. Any success or outside event which is not expected by the organization can indicate a new business opportunity for the business. Strategy makers must frame the strategy which has scope of necessary innovations for the purpose of grabbing new opportunities in the market. Factors related to issues: Following are some factors of external environment which cause issues for strategy makers while conducting strategy planning process: Economic condition- economic conditions of any country directly influence the spending criteria of the consumers such as increase in rates of interest or high unemployment will reduce the consumption of non-essential goods. Competition- competition strength of any organization is a factor which constantly changed in the external environment of the business. Competitors affect various other factors such as they change the marketing strategies, products lines and prices. Technology- another important factor is technology and in this changes occurred on continues basis, and this factors continuously impose pressure on the business or organizations. Climate- changes occurred in climate is the severe threat because this change is only recognized if considered on a decade-by-decade basis. Effects of changes occurred in climate not fall equally on all nations and all businesses(Khalique, 2014). Law- changes occurred in taxation provisions and other laws directly affect the strategies framed by business. Sometimes these changes occurred overnight and with very little warning because o which business organizations does not get any time for the preparation. Media- another important factor which results in this issue is media, as it also result in important and continuous changes. The main driver which results in this change is technology and the rise of internet. Discussion: The main aim of strategic management is to understand the advantages of understanding the external factors of environment while framing the strategy. It also includes the understanding of these aspects and prepare for them. There are number of organizations which spend more resources and time for addressing the change instead of preparing them. Conclusion: After considering the above facts it can be said that Strategic process of any organization creates an important connection with the external environment for the purpose of conducting strategic analysis. External environment of the organization must be considered as important part for strategic analysis and this environment is broader in scope. Recommendation: It is also recommended to the business entities to evaluate all the necessary aspects of the external business environment before framing the main strategy of the organization, and for this purpose they must include all direct and indirect components of the external environment. Action plan: Action plan for strategic analysis of external environment analysis is stated below: Actions and objectives stated in the strategy and in this action are taken for defined objectives. After that manager decide the person or team who conduct these actions for achieving the objectives. Management also states the time and place when these actions are taken place and they also arrange the resources for the same. Lastly, progress and necessary information is communicated to the relevant person(Voiculet, 2010). References: (2010, 10 26). Retrieved 2 3, 2018, from Future orientation: https://futureorientation.net/2010/10/26/strategic-issue-management-systems-as-an-ability-of-organizational-future-orientation/ (2015). Retrieved 2 3, 2018, from ISU: https://www.fpm.iastate.edu/worldclass/strategic_planning.asp Ansoff, H. (2007). Strategic Management Classic. Hamsphire, UK: Palgrave MacMillan. Barney. (1997). Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Prentise Hall, New Jersey. Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, Volume 17. David, F. (2007). Strategic Management Concept and cases. Prentice Hall: upper saddle river, pearson. Dzemyda, I. (2014). Retrieved 2 3, 2018, from STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: https://repository.mruni.eu/bitstream/handle/007/11473/21643_Dzemyda_Strategic%20Management_WEB2.pdf?sequence=1 Grant. (2008). Contemporary Strategy Analysis. Oxford Carlton: Blackwell Publishing Malden. Grant, M. (2005). Contemporary Strategy Analysis. Wiley. Khalique, M. (2014). Retrieved 2 3, 2018, from Strategic Planning and Reality of External Environment of Organizations in Contemporary Business Environments: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271712548_Strategic_Planning_and_Reality_of_External_Environment_of_Organizations_in_Contemporary_Business_Environments Voiculet, A. (2010). The impact of external environment on strategy. Retrieved 2 3, 2018, from MPRA: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26303/1/Impact_of_external_environment_in_develop

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on Dream Of Wings Summary

A DREAM OF WINGS SUMMARY The dream of flight can be traced back as far as civilization and perhaps even further into the dawn of man’s imagination. This book answers questions that abound about who came before the Wrights and significantly what part they played in the building of the foundation of aviation. Tinkerers rather than technicians, these men set forth to chase a dream, the dream of flight. A Dream of Wings by Tom D. Crouch chronicles the people, the machines, and the time period as a piece of aeronautical history that can be related to the age as a whole. The book begins with acknowledgements from the author along with a description of the Wright Brother’s flight of September 20, 1904 in which for the first time an aircraft had flown in a complete circle. The author illustrates the wonder associated with heavier-than air flight. The awe and amazement of the public can well be characterized by the description then of the airplane as an â€Å"Aerial Steamboat† (Page 17). Aside from the public the imagination of many engineers would be captured by this new technology. Men such as Chanute, Cayley and Wenham applied their knowledge to further the dream of aviation. Octave Chanute in particular made a large impact during the dawn of heavier-than-air flight. Though his interest in flight stems back to the New York Rapid transit report of 1875, he could not fully realize his visions until the true actualization of his engineering firm in 1885. His having Israel Lancaster speak at the Buffalo meeting would have profound impact o n aviation research. Despite what was essentially a failure in the Buffalo meeting Chanute became increasing enthusiastic about aviation through the exploits of men like Louis Mouillard and Otto Lilienthal. Through sound logic, the book goes into great detail of the successes and failures of those before the Wrights in attempts at finding solutions to the problems involved in flight and the control of... Free Essays on Dream Of Wings Summary Free Essays on Dream Of Wings Summary A DREAM OF WINGS SUMMARY The dream of flight can be traced back as far as civilization and perhaps even further into the dawn of man’s imagination. This book answers questions that abound about who came before the Wrights and significantly what part they played in the building of the foundation of aviation. Tinkerers rather than technicians, these men set forth to chase a dream, the dream of flight. A Dream of Wings by Tom D. Crouch chronicles the people, the machines, and the time period as a piece of aeronautical history that can be related to the age as a whole. The book begins with acknowledgements from the author along with a description of the Wright Brother’s flight of September 20, 1904 in which for the first time an aircraft had flown in a complete circle. The author illustrates the wonder associated with heavier-than air flight. The awe and amazement of the public can well be characterized by the description then of the airplane as an â€Å"Aerial Steamboat† (Page 17). Aside from the public the imagination of many engineers would be captured by this new technology. Men such as Chanute, Cayley and Wenham applied their knowledge to further the dream of aviation. Octave Chanute in particular made a large impact during the dawn of heavier-than-air flight. Though his interest in flight stems back to the New York Rapid transit report of 1875, he could not fully realize his visions until the true actualization of his engineering firm in 1885. His having Israel Lancaster speak at the Buffalo meeting would have profound impact o n aviation research. Despite what was essentially a failure in the Buffalo meeting Chanute became increasing enthusiastic about aviation through the exploits of men like Louis Mouillard and Otto Lilienthal. Through sound logic, the book goes into great detail of the successes and failures of those before the Wrights in attempts at finding solutions to the problems involved in flight and the control of...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Directors are legally responsible to the shareholders and must Essay

Directors are legally responsible to the shareholders and must prioritise their interests - Essay Example what a court may consider is in the interests of the company but also introduces the new concept of enlightened shareholder value (Re Smith & Fawcett). It has been argued that the English company law inched closer to, but has not firmly adopted the stakeholder theory. Thus, the test in s.172 remains subjective because what mainly constitutes the success of the company depends on the director’s good faith judgment which may not be objective. It appears that there are no objective criteria in s.172 against which the actions of directors can be assessed. Therefore, it becomes very difficult to prove a breach of this duty. At common law, the objective considerations were introduced by the courts to supplement the subjective test. For instance, in Charterbridge Corp Ltd v Lloyds Bank Ltd, the courts considered whether an intelligent and honest director could in the whole of the circumstances reasonably believe the transaction to be for the benefit of the company as a whole. However, Section 172 makes no reference to this objective consideration in view of the significant role of common law rules in the interpretation and application of the codified duties (s.170(3) and (4). Keay (2007) argues that it is most likely that the courts would conside r the objective test in assessing directors’ actions in any given scenario. There are quite a number of theories the questions the main interests that are supposed to guide the operations of the company. For instance, the traditional approach in the UK is the shareholder value principle (or shareholder primacy), which stipulates that a company should be run for the wealth maximization of its shareholders above those of other parties such as customers and suppliers. For instance, the directors have a duty to act in the interests of the company (Percival v Wright), which are interpreted as the best interests of present and future shareholders (Hutton v West Cork Railway Company). The shareholder value theory states that

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Cross cultural management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Cross cultural management - Essay Example Australian government has provided huge assistance in helping those migrated Sudanese to settle in Australia. Sudan was considered to be the top sourced country for the Humanitarian Migration Program. A large number of Sudanese are now staying in Australia as indicated by the Census 2006. The record shows that in Victoria 6205 Sudanese were born which was 32.2% of the total Sudanese population staying in Australia (MIGRANT INFORMATION CENTRE, 2012). This suggests that more and more Sudanese population were joining the education and workforce in Australia. Living The first and foremost problem that the Sudanese faced was socialization. Socialization requires adaptation of the family members to the legal, cultural and social structure of Australia. There were many cultural gaps identified between Australian community and the Sudanese that included understanding the cultural context. Another problem was difficulty in speaking English. The people coming from Sudan were originally from di verse ethnicities and spoke different language. According to Census data of 2006, 25.1% of the Sudanese people spoke Dinka, 46.6% spoke Arabic and 9.1% spoke Neur (MIGRANT INFORMATION CENTRE, 2012). Hence these three languages are recognized to be most important. It is very confronting and difficult to stay in a new country, learn their language, adopt to their culture and at the same time feel not respected and accepted by the society (Licina and Dharmalingam, n.d.). Working Employment becomes the most vital part of an individual life. To sustain its livelihood it becomes important for an individual to fetch employment. This was a huge problem for Sudanese. This would also provide them with the ability to settle more aptly and nicely in the new environment. Employment also leads to many psychological effects on an individual. Getting employed not only provides a stable income but also removes the anxiety of financial problems and feels getting respected and accepted in the society (DIAC, 2012). By getting employed they would also gain gradual understanding regarding the culture and system of the new place. But the Sudanese had been struggling hard for the employment. Difficulty in gaining employment was mainly due to the racial discrimination and lack of skill and experience. English speaking problem was also a major reason for their unemployment. Studying Education is another important aspect from which the Sudanese were deprived of. However since they were not well acquainted with the English language and did not have adequate educational background from their previous country so they faced difficulty in understanding the education system of Australia. AMEP provides a free training on English of 510 hours to the new arrival, who arrived as refugees. But this was considered as an unrealistic educational support. The Sudanese never used the language English earlier, in such a situation it was difficult for them to learn a foreign language which they have neve r used. Moreover learning is a process that individual need separate time to adopt; so this measure was of no help to them. Thus this problem still remains there. Moreover the quality of school education available at Sudan is quite poor. Leaving some of the vocational training the opportunity of education in Sudan is quite limited (Commonwealth of Australia, 2007). Discussion There were several issues that made the livelihood

Sunday, November 17, 2019

PROJECT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

PROJECT 1 - Essay Example The use of the mobile phone for the group was advanced to the extent that they knew how to download music from online sites, but the usage had not been used to improve levels of literacy considerably. The researchers reported the use of mobile phones as exceptionally advanced for the group, and therefore a channel that promoted levels of literacy. The researchers emphasized the role that the use of mobile phones played in the social lives of the people living in the remote community, and went further to maintain that the usage was core to the levels of literacy attained. The ideas used to support the arguments include that the exchange between the mother and the child showed considerably developed uses of the phone as a tool for fostering literacy among the members of the community. 2. Connolly, T. M., Boyle, E. A., MacArthur, E., Hainey, T., & Boyle, J. M. (2012). A systematic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games. Computers &Education, 59(2), 661–686. The analysis of the findings and the context reported from the 129 studies showed that exposure to computer games improved some skills, including those that were important to the learning of students. The skill areas reported to benefit from playing games included cognitive, perceptual; affective and also the learner’s levels of motivation for learning. The study revealed that the positive effects of playing digital games is widespread, therefore an area that calls for the exploration of the relationship further, so that it can be used to foster learning. The authors emphasized the importance of digital games in the learning of the students aged 14 and higher, by pointing out that it affected a variety of the skill areas that foster or limit learning. In conclusion, the position taken about the materials was that more study is needed, so as to

Friday, November 15, 2019

Importance of Internal and External Business Analysis

Importance of Internal and External Business Analysis Introduction In the current business environment in which we do exist, there is need for one to be dynamic in order to survive. The business environments, both internal and external are changing fast and swiftly hence not giving chance to businesses and people who are static. Therefore, in order for one to progress in the current business environment, one needs to identify his or internal strengths and weaknesses (Guy, 2009). One also should be in a position to identify the possible opportunities and threats and be in a position to capitalize on these threats by the strengths and weaknesses at hand. Knowledge of Strategy and Economics â€Å"Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long term: which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations† (Guy, 2009). As the business environment becomes more difficult and competitive, there is need for companies and individuals to have strategies to aide them sail through. â€Å"A prescriptive strategy is one whose objective is defined in progress and whose main elements have been developed before the strategy commences.† (Skinner and Skinner, 2008). â€Å"An emergent strategy is one whose final objective is undecided and whose elements are developed during the course of its life, as the strategy proceeds.† (Abrahams, 2003). From the definations above, it could be seen that a prescriptive strategy provides clear set goals for a business. The prescriptive strategy would not be a good strategy for the agent as the business environment is changing. The emergent strategies would be most appropriates as, â€Å"Emergent strategy increases flexibility in a chaotic environment, allowing the business to respond to pressure and develop opportunities† (Cadle, Paul and Yeates, 2010). In a business environment that is constantly changing, forces or supply and demand constantly affecting the market hence price volatility. There are also imperfect market conditions meaning businesses could make either profits or losses depending on the sway of the market ((Cadle, Paul and Yeates, 2010). Agents should have good knowledge of this to allow the business to always be on the gaining side. Changing business Environment A changing business environment is expected for businesses that rely mostly on technologies and forces of demand and supply. The above-mentioned factors are not the only factors that lead to changes in business environment but there exist other factors. As an agent, one should have knowledge of these key factors, including globalization, rising incomes, rapidly changing technology, changing economic structure, e-commerce and skill requirement. The understanding of the business environment is a key aspect for any agent who would want to penetrate the business world. The above factors vary greatly thereby affecting the business environment accordingly. The agent should therefore use emergent strategies that enable a person to adapt in any changes in the external and internal environment. Changes in the price levels and changes in technology levels greatly affect the business plans and strategies. Agents should keep in mind such changes and be in a position to predict their changes in order to make appropriate strategies in the given industries. Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths of a person can either be analyzed as personal and professional. Professional strengths are those acquired through learning and experience thereby depend on the exposure of the agent. Personal Strengths are those acquired through the environment one has been brought up in hence are the characteristics of the agents. As an agent, the possession of various language skills enables one to be in a better position to communicate and express ideas better (Kaplan and Norton, 2001). As I possess knowledge in only one language, that creates a weakness that should be eliminated. My knowledge in numeracy skills gives me an advantage in the industry as I am in a position to interpret and predict key important factors in the business environment. The possession of moderate IT skills is both a strength and a weakness as I am not fully knowledgeable in the area but at least literate. Personal traits are also a key factor in the determining ones strengths and weakness. My interpersonal skills and self-organization increase my chances of associating well with the outside world. Time management is key of them all; this will enable me to strategies well and be in a position to predict the future in a right manner. A weakness exists in my risk taking ability therefore the need to avoid risk or learn on the best way to take risks. Connecting to the Environment Strengths could be seen as Numeracy skills, self-organization, time management and interpersonal skills. Weaknesses include risk taking ability, language and IT skills. Opportunities include changes in the price levels and changes in consumer preferences. Threats include globalization, experienced agents and rising in incomes causing inflation. With these in mind, I would opt for a job as a manager who would thrive to chief executive officer in time. Training in Information Technology and language skills will be of utmost importance. Communications skills will increase my employment base from local to international. Currently, with enough capital, the best business to set is the banking business. With increased rate of credit and reduced use of paper money, banking industry tends to be more profitable, (Abrahams, 2003). The best partners would be good financers and people who have special skills in the industry. I would pick them from all over but the first place to start would be from my friend list, as I know them better. Conclusion Analyzing of one’s strengths and weaknesses allows one to be in a position to capitalize on the opportunities and the threats available. Business Environment are known to change frequently due to various factors such as price and technology changes. Therefore, one should be able to choose the best strategy to implement in such a scenario. Emergent strategies are those strategies that can be manipulated with time unlike the prescriptive strategies that are set before the implementation process. For business that are changing, agents are advised to always update their education background and strategies in order to always fit whenever the turn the business may take. References Abrams, R., 2003.  The successful business plan. 1st ed. Palto Alto, Calif.: Planning Shop. Blair, A. and Hitchcock, D., 2001.  Environment and business. 1st ed. London: Routledge. Brooks, I., Weatherston, J. and Wilkinson, G., 2011.  The international business environment. 1st ed. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Cadle, J., Paul, D. and Yeates, D., 2010.  Business analysis. 1st ed. Swindon: British Informatics Society. Campbell, D. and Craig, T., 2005.  Organisations and the business environment. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Cherunilam, F., 2010.  Business environment. 1st ed. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Grote, J., Lang, A. and Schneider, V., 2008.  Organized business interests in changing environments. 1st ed. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. Guy, F., 2009.  The global environment of business. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kaplan, R. and Norton, D., 2001.  The strategy-focused organization. 1st ed. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. Skinner, J. and Skinner, J., 2008.  Business plan, business reality. 1st ed. Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Compare and contrast the stories of Roald Dahl and Sir Arthur Conan :: English Literature

Compare and contrast the stories of Roald Dahl and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Show how each writer creates a sense of mystery, And uses character description, themes and vocabulary to make an effective short story. In this assignment I am going to compare and contrast the stories of Roald Dahl and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, I am going to show how each writer creates a of mystery and uses character description, themes and vocabulary to make an effective short story. I have read the Lamb to the Slaughter and Roald Dahl wrote it. I am looking at the similarities and differences. The story is about a police officer and his wife. The police officer came home from work and was very tired. She offered him tea he told her he didn't want any. Normally they eat out on a Thursday but this Thursday was different. The man drank drink after drink The man tried to tell the women something but she thought he was going to say something bad so she ignored what he was trying to say. Then the women went to the cellar and got the biggest piece of lamb she could find. She walked back up the stairs and hit him very hard on the back of the head. He fell to the ground. Then she thought what have I done? She walked out the house and went to the shop to buy some vegetables and pudding for her dead husband. She was trying to put on a brave face but it was hard. When she got in she phoned the police and they soon came round. They started asking her lots of questions. They searched the house for the murder weapon. They could not find it so she offered them tea. The Police eat the evidence. Mary has a sense of humor she's caring and loving. She has a split personality; she's both weak and strong. Patrick is a police officer. He likes his drink. He is very cruel to Mary. The detectives are not very good at the job. They are stupid. They drink Patrick's whiskey. They even eat the evidence. The tension was very high was Mary going to get found out or want she? The evidence was cooking in the oven. I thought the police officer was going to find the piece of lamb. It was a big piece of lamb. We didn't find out what Patrick was going to say because she didn't want to know. She thought it was going to be some thing bad. When Patrick comes in he is quite and drinks a lot of drinks.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Life to the fullest must have the presence Essay

Living life to the fullest must have the presence of forgiveness as well as forgetting. Forgiveness is a conscious choice, a spiritual and physical act involving the will, a sensation or suit of feeling, an emotional state of being for letting go of the past. Try to imagine how happy we can be if we know how to forget bitter happenings in our lives. Having a feeling towards everything is fine, it seems so convincing to live great. Indeed to forgive is hard and difficult, but we must. It is a conscious choice, a spiritual and physical act involving the will, a sensation or suit of feeling, an emotional state of being for letting go of the past. Having a big pride will make you feel bad. God said, â€Å"Do unto to others as you would have them do unto to you. It would be very hard for one to forgive someone who has done so much wrong and leaped so much suffering on them. It is important that we forgive so that one can move on with his life and have a chance for a happier future. In the book NIGHT, a boy named Elie faced all of these hardships and people always asked him whether to forgive or not despite of all the pain, the sufferings, and challenges he had experienced? But Elie must forgive because GOD said that everyone should forgive one another, no matter what the circumstances are, hence, mobilizing us to find peace and serenity every single day of our lives. Nothing will bother us especially our inner sides. When someone else causes us emotional harm, whether intentional or not, learning to let go of this pain can be one of the most difficult transitions we would have to go through but it will enable us to live life, one which is free from worry and burden. Acknowledge that you’re living in real time carrying the baggage of old time. And then let go of it. Based on the book, The Purpose Driven Life by Rick Warren: Your past is your past, nothing can change it. You are only hurting yourself with your bitterness. The persons who have hurt you in the pass cannot continue to hurt you now unless you hold on the memories through resentment. Forgiving and forgetting is not a gradual one, it undergoes a process. How does one forget awful memories? How would one handle the situation if he/she is in too much pain? Can one ever forgive or relieve the bad memories that been caused by somebody? First, find a place where you can have a peace of mind, a quiet and a comfortable place. Sit down in a comfortable chair and close your eyes, even though it is painful and embarrassing, give some time to think what you are wishing to forget. Then, visualize a black and white picture of the situation that you are trying to forget. Afterwards, look on the illusionary replica of an experienced you hate the most. As you were looking to that picture, begin to tear it on your imagination until it turned tiny pieces where you can barely see it. Lastly, blow it away, ask if you were blowing small pieces of dust, so you know that the little speck is already gone away, and no one will ever see it. Fortunately, we are ending up forgetting the incident and forgiving the people behind the fear that circulated in their system so they could live a better life-a life without bitterness. Even the act of forgiving is difficult, forgive our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us. Forgiveness may takes a lot of time, it may not easily come, it involves patience and a lengthy struggle just to reach that, because it affects the relationships that need to be work in order to reach the total completeness of forgiving. Always remember where we stand. To refuse it is to refuse God. There is no other exception. God means what He says. To forgive is hard, but we must do it at any cost.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Drugs have effected our youth

Drugs have effected our youth "Drugs have effected our youth"Drugs are a kind of treatment which used some times in pills , powder or syrup . this drugs are like any thing around us , if we use it in the right way we will see the shine side of it , but if we used it in the wrong way we will see the dark side of it . but when we use a particular kind of drugs with no limit or prescription of doctor in that time we called drugs addicted . And it may be easy fun with the first try of drugs but you will be omit into the hell of never ended travail , because in every time your body will ask for more because of the drugs costs a lot of money you will try to do any thing to get the drugs , you will try to steal, kill, sell anything you have even your dignity in the end sure you will sell you soul .Medicine Drug Pills on PlateBad friends , free time , lot of money , neglected children , fear of facing problems and escaping from it , stress , fairer in life ...etc. all this and more could cause an drugs addicted , dr ugs are so harmful on our bodies it get us into a real fatal diseases such as : {lung cancer (comes from smoking drugs cigarettes) , blood cancer (comes from taking drugs by injections ) , HIV -AIDS (comes from many ways like : it's transmitted by the usage of infected needles or unsafe sexual relationships )...etc. } .Drugs are the tragedy of this century , so we must face it and try to cross this tragedy to see the sun of our life shining again...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free Essays on Sex Education

Teens today are faced with the mass media advocating sex subliminally, while our education systems stress abstinence. It is all too fishy. Since Mary Ware Dennett’s essay for her two sons in 1915 , to set facts from fiction, times have changed in the ways we communicate to our children about â€Å"how babies are born†. With access to over a thousand websites on the web and pictures that scream of sex research (and content, might I add) to answer all of their unanswered questions, the topic is readily available to the young and adolescents. The information collected by the mind of a child can influence what he or she may posses psychologically in their future. Like they say, â€Å"Curiosity kills the cat!† As such a touchy subject might be, it would be straightforward to say that teens and children alike are getting mixed messages these days. One concern of parents is: teaching their children how to make decisions, watching them make one is another. Schools are helping to teach children the basics of childbearing and sexual education. This subject may be the most controversial of them all. Nonetheless, it is one of the most important types of information that adolescence (and preadolescence) will learn in their school career. Sexuality education help lower the risks of teen pregnancies and the spread of disease. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main aspects behind sexual education in our school-based programs in the present. But is our education system really working as hard and effectively as our society would like them to? Main idea behind sexual education There are two main ideas behind sexual education, the prevention of STDs and teen pregnancies5. Though, the rate of teen pregnancies has dropped, it is accepted into the lives of over one million women each year2. STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) are most common in the United States, affecting 30 million people2. Since 1981, when AIDS (... Free Essays on Sex Education Free Essays on Sex Education I held a notice from my 13-year-old daughter's school announcing a meeting to preview the new course in sexuality. Parents could examine the curriculum and take part in a lesson presented exactly as it would be given to the students. When I arrived at the school, I was surprised to discover only about a dozen parents present. As we waited for the presentation, I thumbed through page after page of instructions on the prevention of pregnancy or disease. I found abstinence mentioned only in passing. When the teacher arrived with the school nurse, she asked if there were any questions. I asked why abstinence did not play a noticeable part in the material. I was shocked by what happened next. There was a great deal of laughter, and someone suggested that if I thought abstinence had any merit, I should go back to burying my head in the sand. The teacher and the nurse said nothing as I drowned in a sea of embarrassment. My mind went blank, and I could think of nothing to say. The teacher ex plained that the job of the school was to "teach facts," and the home was responsible for moral training. I sat in silence for the next 20 minutes as the course was explained. The other parents seemed to give their unqualified support to the materials. "Donuts at the back," announced the teacher during the break. "I'd like you to put on the name tags we have prepared and mingle with the other parents." Everyone moved to the back of the room. As I watched them affix their nametags and shake hands, I sat deep in thought. I was ashamed I had not been able to convince them to include a serious discussion of abstinence in the materials. I uttered a silent prayer for guidance. My thoughts were interrupted by the nurse's hand on my shoulder. "Won't you join the others?" The nurse smiled sweetly at me. "The donuts are good.""Thank you, no." I replied. "Well, then, how about a name tag? I'm sure the others would like to meet you." "Somehow I doubt that," I replied."W... Free Essays on Sex Education Teens today are faced with the mass media advocating sex subliminally, while our education systems stress abstinence. It is all too fishy. Since Mary Ware Dennett’s essay for her two sons in 1915 , to set facts from fiction, times have changed in the ways we communicate to our children about â€Å"how babies are born†. With access to over a thousand websites on the web and pictures that scream of sex research (and content, might I add) to answer all of their unanswered questions, the topic is readily available to the young and adolescents. The information collected by the mind of a child can influence what he or she may posses psychologically in their future. Like they say, â€Å"Curiosity kills the cat!† As such a touchy subject might be, it would be straightforward to say that teens and children alike are getting mixed messages these days. One concern of parents is: teaching their children how to make decisions, watching them make one is another. Schools are helping to teach children the basics of childbearing and sexual education. This subject may be the most controversial of them all. Nonetheless, it is one of the most important types of information that adolescence (and preadolescence) will learn in their school career. Sexuality education help lower the risks of teen pregnancies and the spread of disease. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main aspects behind sexual education in our school-based programs in the present. But is our education system really working as hard and effectively as our society would like them to? Main idea behind sexual education There are two main ideas behind sexual education, the prevention of STDs and teen pregnancies5. Though, the rate of teen pregnancies has dropped, it is accepted into the lives of over one million women each year2. STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) are most common in the United States, affecting 30 million people2. Since 1981, when AIDS (... Free Essays on Sex Education Sex education is the process of acquiring information and forming attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual identity, relationships, and intimacy. It is also about developing young people’s skills so that they make informed choices about their behavior, and feel confident and competent about acting on these choices. Young people have a right to sex education because it is a way of helping to protect themselves against abuse, exploitation, unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV/AIDS. Sex education seeks to both reduce the risks of potentially negative outcomes from sexual behavior and to enhance the quality of relationships. It is also about developing young people’s ability to make decisions over their entire lifetime. If sex education is going to be effective it needs to include opportunities for young people to develop skills, since it can be hard for them to act on the basis of only having information. For example, being able to communicate, listen, negotiate, ask for and identify sources of help and advice, are useful life-skills and can be applied in terms of sexual relationships. Other important skills include being able to recognize pressures from other people and to resist them, deal with and challenge prejudice, seek help from adults – including parents, guardians and professionals – through the family, community and health and welfare services. Sex education that works also equips young people with the skills to be able to differentiate between accurate and inaccurate information, discuss a range of moral and social issues and perspectives on sex and sexuality, including different cultural attitudes and sensitive issues like sexuality, abortion and contraception. Young people can be exposed to a wide range of attitudes and beliefs in relation to sex and sexuality. These sometimes appear contradictory and confusing. Young people are very interested in the moral and cultural structure... Free Essays on Sex Education Sex Education â€Å"Ignorance is bliss/‘tis folly to be wise,† ends the poem An Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College, written by Thomas Gray in 1747 (Gray). As it was true for the time, his statement continues to live on in American society. Everyday people look ignorantly away as murderers, molesters and terrorists threaten humanity. Ignorance is over-powering, like cancer is to the body, slowly taking over and destroying everything it can latch onto. How long will we let this continue? Every sixty seconds a child dies of AIDS in the world and each year in America one million teenage girls become pregnant. Another twelve million people become infected with a sexually transmitted disease in the United States alone (United States). Not all of these problems can be cured, but there is a way to control these occurrences. Sex education programs in public schools throughout America are not comprehensive. With the public limitations on what can be said or shown to students, t eachers have found it difficult to teach informative lessons on sex education. Also, more open-minded attitudes and the availability of contraception within schools are needed for a decrease in pregnancies and sexually transmitted disease infections among teenagers. Comprehensive sex education programs in public schools are continuing to be ridiculed and banned. In 1998 at Kanai Peninsula, Alaska, Homer High School sex educators were told that they were no longer allowed to â€Å"display† condoms in the classroom (â€Å"Condoms put†¦Ã¢â‚¬  15). The school was trying to follow suit with the other schools in the district. Many people disagree with not allowing teenagers to see condoms at school, seeing that â€Å"about half of all teenagers between the ages of fifteen and nineteen have had sexual intercourse† (Jakobson 47). How can teenagers use the proper contraception when they have no idea what it looks like? Not only are teenagers having intercourse at...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

WConference Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WConference Question - Essay Example As such, there is a close relationship between human being and the art and hence the art always has a personal appealing to human. The art mostly reveals, through creativity, the side of the world that is interesting but we cannot see or experience in any other way except through art. Plato agrees with me by stating that it is ill advised for people to indulge in both mimetic and narrative representations in the place of art. As such, he demonstrated that arts are the best way that communicates a message from its originality. I am of the opinion that the art is an inseparable characteristic of the society. It is through art that the voiceless in the society can get a voice. Creativities that is demonstrated by the art explain the type of society the people are living. Every person in th society requires to study humanity and the art. This is because the only way to understand the norms and traditions of a given community is by embracing their arts and culture. A good example of how important the art is is the Nkisi sculpture that unites people in DRC. These arts are integral part of the society and hence humanities should be taught in school ion order to safeguard our

Friday, November 1, 2019

Kant and Schopenhauer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kant and Schopenhauer - Essay Example ical imperative can be termed as an unconditional principle that that all rational human use and it is free form from influence by one’s desire or motive. Kant has given proof that human autonomy should be a presupposed state of free will. Moral action is dictated by its uniqueness of the antinomy of freedom and fundamental determination. For one to do the right thing actions intended should have an impact in the world and one has to go on and undertake it to proof that one is free from external influence. Morality demands for causality and freedom from us. One can be able to conceptualize actions in two ways. One can think in two ways but at the same time, one should be intellectually independent. An autonomous will is required if we are to act morally (Walker, 2012). Moral law is motivated by the desire to attain other interest. Rational will can only come from moral law. This principle emphasizes that people should recognize the freedom of other to act independently to promote universal sable of moral laws. Kant challenges us to act and our will regarded and while at this, we should be able to make universal laws through this princ iple. When we follow reason, the world around us will be shaped by the authority that underlies within our will as humans. The ‘End in Itself†is another maxim used by Kant. It implies that one should treat others whether in one’s personality or others as resource and at the same as an end. Simply put we should not use others as objects but we should perceive them with dignity and significance we all bear. This helps us to differentiate things that have instrumental value and those that have inherent value. In life some things are only used as objects to obtain others. We appreciate inherent things for what they are and not for what they help us accomplish. According to Kant, people have inherent in the sense that we are able to go beyond our instincts and make critical decisions concerning our lived and the society at large

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

The effects of state right-to-work laws on unions Essay

The effects of state right-to-work laws on unions - Essay Example â€Å"By comparison with the voluminous literature on the theories of the firm and consumer, the amount of space devoted to the theory of union is small indeed. This is not accidental; it results from the fact that the behavior of firms and consumers can be easily interpreted as maximizing while that of a union cannot† (ibid, 290). Certainly, since the statement of Reder, there is proof that curiosity and interest in unionism generally collapsed. Nevertheless, because of the significance of trade unions in the activities of the economy, there is a necessity for a systematic framework which can present theoretical concepts into the economic performance of unions to fill the empty spaces that presently exist. As highlighted above, insignificant development has been made in shaping the performance of trade unions since the conventional economic paradigm assumes some form of making the best use of behavior by the entity being investigated. More particularly, the consumer is presupposed to take full advantage of utility, while the company is expected to maximize profit. Neither comparison is relevant to the trade union. Dunlop tried to formulate a framework of the union grounded on the assumption that the wage income of the members of a union is the revenue function and revenues is to be capitalized on rather than profits, as costs to the union are zero. On the contrary, some analysts believed labor unions as a generator of member services which should consider both the proceeds from membership fees and the costs related with the prerequisite of different stages of services. A correlation between an assumption of the consumer and the activities of labor unions has been designed by Cartter i n that the union has an apathy plot which indicates its inclinations between the levels of wages and the level of service (Davis, 1993). In other words, traditional economic assumption demands that the economic player, such

Monday, October 28, 2019

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Essay In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twains characters play an intricate roll in the literary structure of the book. They come into Huck and Jims life almost like the changing wind, and changed their characters indefinitely. The character that I found interesting was Colonel Sherburn who is the owner of the largest store in a town that Huck happens upon. The town Huck ventures into a town that is in the middle of a festival; all the families have their wagons and are eating their dinners in them. During their dinner many begin to drink whiskey very heavily and Huck saw three fights. Then the town drunk, Mr. Boggs ventures into the town for his monthly drink and that every one expected but did not fear what he would do. On man says, I whisht old Boggsd threaten me, cuz then Id know I warnt gwyne to die for a thousan year. (Twain143) This just goes to show that the town had been through this whole routine before; they even knew whom Boggs was going to chaw up. Boggs announced to every one that had now begun to follow him, that he could not waist his time with them because he was there to kill Colonel Sherburn. So, he marched right up to the front Sherburns store and demanded that he come out and meet the man youve swindled. (Twain 143) Boggs then continued to call Sherburn every offensive remark he could think of while even though he was under the influence. Then comes Sherburn, a proud-looking man who carried himself very well, so well that when he stepped out onto the steps of the store the crowd steps back almost in awe. He was about fifty-five and was the best-dressed man in that town, he wore Mark Twains later look of all white. Then he warns Boggs to leave by one oclock or he will hunt him down and make sure we will not bother him or the town again. Boggs could not let it go so he returned and sure enough Sherburn steps out into the street and shoots him and kills him. The angry mob goes to Sherburns house and thought that he ought to be lynched because he murdered Boggs in cold blood. Sherburn doesnt believe they have enough pluck to lynch him and he knows that a mob of angry men mean nothing. He says, Why, a mans safe in the hands of ten thousand of your kind-as long as its day-time and youre not behind him. (Twain 147)Â  He refers to the Ku Klux Klan or a similar organization that was formed in the south and they wear masks when the commit their crimes. He knows that wearing a mask and only going out at night is the only way for them to commit their crimes because they are cowards. A mob is nothing with out a solid leader and Sherburn knows this that is why he doesnt feel threatened by them. This characters roll in the novel is to show that one single man can stand up to an any mob and be stronger than them if he is confident in what he believes. Sherburn believed that he did the right thing and that is why he doesnt back down even when he is faced up against staggering odds. Huck sees all of these events unfold but doesnt seem troubled by them because right after the mob leaves he goes to the circus. This shows that he is still a child and that the only way to get this out of his mind is to go somewhere were everyone is forever young. Twain often fevers to the idea of forever child hood and he doesnt want his characters to grow up. That is why he places a horrific scene of death next to childlike scene at the circus showing a great contrast. Twain has a brilliant way of keeping the character young but he still lets it grow emotionally.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Beloved, by Toni Morrison :: Literary Analysis, Toni Morrison

The novel Beloved, written by Toni Morrison, shows a family’s life before and after slavery. The main character, Sethe, escaped from slavery and had a daughter, Denver, while she was escaping. Although Denver never actually experienced slavery, her life has still been affected by it. Morrison uses Denver to show how although people can be affected by a life destructing experience such as slavery they do have the ability to move forward in life if they believe they can. Before Beloved comes to 124, Denver was not able to learn much about the past because of Sethe’s inability to experience the past again. She feels left out because she is not involved. This causes her to consume herself in the events of the past. Denver also starts out very shy. When Paul D first comes to 124, he and Sethe reminisce about the past. Denver says, â€Å"How come everybody run off from Sweet Home can’t stop talking about it? Look like if it was so sweet you would have stayed† (17). Sethe replies, â€Å"Girl, who you talking to† (16). Sethe’s surprised tone shows this is not normal behavior for Denver and she is usually much more soft-spoken. Denver’s outspoken behavior comes from her frustration with her ignorance of the past. Denver also locks her self away from the rest of the world before Beloved comes. After the incident with Nelson Lord, Denver â€Å"never went back† to Lady Jones’ house (121). Denver was cut off from the outside world even more when â€Å"she walked in a silence too solid for penetration† (121). Denver’s hearing returned â€Å"by the sound of her dead sister trying to climb the stairs† (122). The dense diction used by Morrison shows Denver’s deafness was very powerful. Denver believes Beloved got her hearing back for Denver, which makes Denver look to Beloved to solve her problems later in the novel. This makes Denver and Beloved’s relationship even more powerful because something very strong had to happen to bring back Denver’s hearing and Beloved was it. Unlike the other characters in the novel, Denver refers to Beloved as an actual family member and not just a baby further connecting the two characters. Before Beloved returns to 124 in person, Denver has a connection with her spirit and she relies on her companionship.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Mousetrap Car Essay

The purpose of this project is to determine the effect the size of an automobile’s wheel radius will have on that vehicle’s performance. To determine this, the distance a car travels when tested with the same propulsion force but different wheel diameter is measured. We expect that there will be an optimum size that should be utilized in order to achieve maximum efficiency. A larger or smaller wheel size should change the distance that the car will travel. The cars we will test will be made of common and inexpensive materials. The design of the cars will consist of simple wheel and axel setups and a lever; two simple machines that can be used to cause forward movement. The means of propulsion for our cars will be spring-loaded mousetrap with a length of string that connects to the axel supporting the wheels being tested. As the trap is set the lever will pull the line and thus rotate the axel causing movement. The size of the wheel should have a direct relationship with the distance that the car will travel. Small wheels will require more revolutions to move the same distance while large wheels will require more torque to make them begin to turn. The goal of the project is to find the most efficient use of the energy provided by the mousetrap for both speed and distance by adjusting the size of the wheel. A mousetrap car is a combination of two simple machines designed to operate much like a gas-powered car. However, a mousetrap is used instead of an internal combustion engine for the motor. The most common design involves positioning the mousetrap on the chassis of the cars and attaching an extended lever on the trap to one of the car’s axles by using a length of string. The end of the string on the mousetrap is tied to the arm of the trap while the opposite end is wound around the axle. When the mousetrap is â€Å"loaded,† potential energy is stored. The pulling force of the arm turns the potential energy into kinetic energy, causing the wheels to turn and boosting the vehicle. The mousetrap will provide a limited amount energy that the car can use as propulsion force that causes forward movement. The length of the string connecting the lever on the trap to the axel will remain constant through out the duration of the experiment. This will ensure that each of the wheel sizes will receive the same amount of energy. The wheels will also be made of the same material so that each will have the same traction, be about the same weight, and attach to the axel in a similar fashion. Since the radius is directly proportional to the circumference, larger diameter will obviously have larger circumferences. This is important because the circumference the part that actually touches the track. The larger the circumference of the wheel is as compared to the radius of the axel, the more mechanical advantage the wheel will have. Mechanical advantage is a phenomenon that increases the efficiency of a simple machine. Engineers try to design cars that make the most of this force when designing cars and other motor vehicles. A circumference of five inches will travel 25 inches in five revolutions while a circumference of three inches will travel only 15 inches with the same number of revolutions. The larger wheels seem to make more efficient use of the revolutions provided by the springing mousetrap. However the larger diameter also requires more energy to make them revolve. The energy required to turn an axel is known as torque. The more torque an engine (or a mousetrap) can provide, the faster the car will accelerate. Acceleration is also important to the efficiency of the mousetrap car. The faster a car can accelerate, the more momentum it can build up. Momentum is a force that keeps moving objects moving in the same general direction and force until some outside force acts upon the object. Momentum will conserve the energy from the mousetrap while providing thrust. If the wheels are too small, the axels will have to revolve more times to build up any significant momentum. If they are too large, they will require much more torque, which would reduce the amount of energy available to turn the axel once momentum is built up. Friction also plays a major role in the performance of mousetrap-powered cars. Friction between the car’s wheels and the surface it is traveling on is beneficial to the operation of the vehicle. This traction helps the wheels to propel the cars across further distances and at greater speeds. However, friction can also occur between the axles and the cars, which can be detrimental to performance. To combat this, lubricants are used on the axels where they are in contact with the chassis of the car. Also, more mass involved with the rotation of the axels will cause more friction. Therefore, heavier cars will be much less successful than vehicles using much lighter materials due to the amount of friction and inertia, which will not allow the car to travel as far or as fast under the same conditions. Methods The design used in the testing phases of the experiment consisted of thin pieces of plywood for the chassis and axel supports while 3/16-inch dowel rods were used for axels. The wheels were made of three sizes of circular pieces of foam board supported by a slice of a cardboard tube. A standard sized mousetrap was secured to the chassis and a 3-inch length of copper pipe was used to lengthen the lever to provide more mechanical advantage. A two-feet length of nylon string was secured to the copper pipe and the rear axel. The wheels were attached to the axels with rubber cement. The various larger sizes were designed to fit over the smallest ones that were attached to the axels. A single front wheel was used throughout the experiment Tests were ran to determine how far the car would travel and how fast they traveled a distance of five and feet. Each wheel size was tested three times and the results were then averaged: |Wheel size |Distance |Speed (5 feet/ 10 feet) | |2.25 inches |11 feet, four inches |1.45sec. / 2.4sec. | |4.75 inches |16 feet, 11 inches |2.1 sec. / 3.05 sec. | |7.00 inches |18 feet, two inches |3.6 sec. /4.42 sec. | Results Our results show two distinct characteristics. The larger wheels traveled a significant amount further than the smaller wheel sizes. However the smaller wheels were capable of quicker acceleration than the larger wheels. Since the wheels all had about the same amount of mass, the amount of friction did not increase of decrease enough to effect the results significantly. The wheel sizes could thus be adjusted depending upon the type of race the car was involved in; distance, in which the largest wheels would be used, or speed, in which the smallest wheels would be used. Experience in the design and function of the mousetrap cars would help us to design an even more efficient vehicle. Two layers of foam board would probably be used to cause the wheels to be more level and stable. Also, a longer lever would likely be attached to the existing lever on the mousetrap so that more advantage is achieved.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

A Critical Analysis of Homi K. Bhabha’s “How Newness Enters The World” Essay

The Indian theorist Homi K. Bhabha shifted the limelight from the binary1 of the colonizer and the colonized to the liminal spaces in-between in the domain of Postcolonial studies. In Difference, Discrimination, and the Discourse of Colonialism, he stated, â€Å"There is always, in Said, the suggestion that colonial power is possessed entirely by the colonizer which is a historical and theoretical simplification† (200). He asserted that colonization is not just a conscious body of knowledge (Said’s manifest Orientalism) but also the â€Å"unconscious positivity† of fantasy and desire (Bhabha’s latent Orientalism) (Young, â€Å"White Mythologies† 181). Bhabha used that vantage point — of liminal spaces — to study the phenomenon of cultural translation in his essay â€Å"How Newness Enters the World†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which was published in a collection of essays titled under The Location of Culture (1994). The liminal zone that the postcolonial immigrant occupies is the guiding question of this essay. Bhabha explains: I used architecture literally as a reference, using the attic, the boiler room, and the stairwell to make associations between certain binary divisions such as higher and lower†¦. The stairwell became a liminal space, a pathway between the upper and lower areas†¦. (3-4) In â€Å"How Newness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bhabha directs this framework to critique Fredric Jameson’s Postmodernism Or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. He argues that the category of Postmodern assumes a neat categorization of subject positions, which leaves no room for subjects to exist in the liminal space. He asserts, â€Å"For Jameson, the possibility of becoming historical demands a containment of this disjunctive social time.† (217) Bhabha elaborates upon the concept of liminal space with the help of the idea of blasphemy, as it comes out in Salman Rushdie’s Satanic Verses and  underlines the controversy of the Rushdie Affair2. Bhabha says, â€Å"Blasphemy is not merely a misrepresentation of the sacred by the secular; it is a moment when the subject-matter or the content of cultural tradition is being overwhelmed, or alienated, in the act of translation.† (225) In essence, Bhabha is arguing that the very act of inhabiting the liminal space — whether by Rushdie or his characters — is blasphemy. However, it is necessary to consider that critics like Timothy Brennan claim that Rushdie â€Å"†¦ is not abroad at all. Politically and professionally he is at home.†(Wars 65) Brennan adds that Rushdie’s knowledge of Islam is limited to some childhood experiences and a course that he did at Cambridge University. If we look at Rushdie from this perspective, then Rushdie would cease to inhabit what Bhabha calls the liminal space between two cultures and instead belong to and speak for the imperial west. Nevertheless, apart from Rushdie’s fiction, Bhabha employs various other kinds of evidence to support his theoretical stand in this essay. The first of which is the epigraph3 from Walter Benjamin’s â€Å"On Language as Such†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in this essay Benjamin suggests that translation is the origin of all knowledge: â€Å"The language of things can pass into language of knowledge and name only through translation† (70-71). It is the gap between the original and the translated text that Bhabha terms as the liminal space. To illustrate this use of translation in cultural terms Bhabha cites Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. He argues that Marlow’s lie to the intended (about her fiance’s last words) is an example of cultural translation where â€Å"Marlow does not merely repress the ‘truth’ †¦ as much as he enacts a poetics of translation†¦.† (212). Marlow inhabits the in-between space of the colony and the western metropolis, where nothing crosses from one to the other in its original form, without a certain degree of cultural translation. This essay is organized in three sections: New World Borders, Foreign Relations and Community Matters. However, it is strung together by the common idea of liminality. The first section draws a parallel between Marlow’s lie and Jameson’s theory of the postmodern, which Bhabha calls his â€Å"theme park†. Both of these, according to Bhabha’s framework, are attempts to keep the â€Å"conversation of humankind going† and â€Å"to preserve the neo-pragmatic universe†. (212) Bhabha elucidates his criticism of Jameson by re-visiting the poem China, which Jameson had earlier commented upon in his book4. He contests Jameson for not appropriating the newness of China but translating it back into certain familiar terms. He destabilizes Jameson’s periodization and claims that communities cannot be explained in pre-modernist terms, the history of communities parallels the history of modernity. In the next section, Bhabha scrutinises Jameson’s postmodern city through the subject position of migrants and minorities. He challenges the importance given to class relations in the Marxist discourse by shifting the focus to minority groups. It is important to note that minority is a not just a matter of quantity, but as Deleuze and Guattari point out in â€Å"Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature†, it is a matter of subject position. The last section poses the last challenge to Jameson, as Bhabha pitches communities directly against class, using Partha Chatterjee’s â€Å"A Response†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as evidence. Bhabha comments, â€Å"Community disturbs the grand globalizing narrative of capital, displaces the emphasis on production in ‘class’ collectivity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (230). In other words, minority subject position of belonging to a community punctures the larger Marxist narrative of class-consciousness; he calls community the â€Å"antagonist supplement of modernity.† Bhabha concludes the essay by proposing an alternative perspective through Derek Walcott’s poems. Bhabha draws a bridge5 between the central concerns of naming in Walcott’s poem (â€Å"Names†) and the central idea of his essay by asserting that the right to signify, the right to naming, is itself â€Å"an act of cultural translation.† (234). He suggests a breakthrough in the form of the spaces that lie between â€Å"above and below and heaven and hell†. He argues that the only possibility of an agency that enables one to posses something anew lies in the in-between spaces — the liminal spaces. Concepts, such as liminality are indispensible in today’s ever-globalising context but many other theorists have criticized his theoretical model on various grounds. The Indian Marxist critic Aijaz Ahmad says that Bhabha uses a â€Å"†¦ a theoretical melange which randomly invokes Levi-Strauss in one phrase, Foucault in another, Lacan in yet another.† (68), he asserts that in such a framework â€Å"theory itself becomes a marketplace of ideas†¦.† (70). Viewed from a Marxist standpoint, Bhabha’s theories may seem as if they leave no room for resistance and action, Ahmad claims that Bhabha is irrelevant for a majority of the population that has been denied access to such benefits of â€Å"modernity† (69), and that Bhabha cuts access to â€Å"progress† as well as a sense of a â€Å"long past†. Ahmed’s criticism can be taken a step further to conduct a theoretical study of the effectiveness of Bhabha’s arguments. In Nation and Narration Bhabha announced that his intention was to engage â€Å"the insights of poststructuralist theories of narrative knowledge †¦ in order to evoke this ambivalent margin of the nation-space†¦.† (4) Catherine Belsey in Poststructuralism†¦ explains that the simple inference of poststructuralism is that language is â€Å"differential† and not â€Å"referential† in nature. (9) Taking from Saussure’s theory on language, it studies language synchronically where the signifier is not referentially tied to the signified. On the other hand, it is evident from Benjamin’s essays6 that he views language as a diachronic system where it represents the â€Å"†¦medium in which objects meet and enter into relationship with each other, no longer directly, as once in the mind of the augur or prie st, but in their essences† (68). In other words, Benjamin’s theory of language is referential, where the word has or once had a direct connection with the thing it represents. These two models of language seem like blocks from different puzzles, which do not really fit with one another. This poses a serious challenge to the effectiveness of Bhabha’s theoretical groundwork, as he does not address this rift between the two models and employs them simultaneously. However, we cannot discount Bhabha’s breakthrough on this ground, as his  theories are essential to make sense of the postcolonial condition of immigrants and diasporic Literature, especially in the ever-globalizing world that we inhabit. He has given an indispensible insight into the possibilities that lie in these liminal spaces. Works Cited Ahmad, Aijaz. In theory: Classes, nations, literatures. London: Verso, 1994. Belsey, Catherine. Poststructuralism: A very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Benjamin, Walter, and Knut Tarnowski. â€Å"Doctrine of the Similar (1933).† New German Critique 17 1979: 65-69 —. â€Å"On Language as Such and on the Language of Man.† Walter Benjamin: selected writings 1 1996: 62-74 Bhabha, Homi K. (1983a), â€Å"Difference, Discrimination, and the Discourse of Colonialism† The Politics of Theory. Ed. Francis Barker et al. Colchester: University of Essex. —. â€Å"How Newness Enters the World: Postmodern Space, Postcolonial Times and the Trials of Cultural Translation.† The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 2004. 212-235. —. Nation and narration. New York: Routledge, 1990. —. â€Å"The Location of Culture. 1994. â€Å"With a new preface by the author. London: Routledge, 2004. Brennan, Timothy. Wars of position: The cultural politics of left and right. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. Chatterjee, Partha. â€Å"A Response to Taylor’s â€Å"Modes of Civil Society†.† Public Culture 3.1 1990: 119-132. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness and Other Tales. Oxford: World’s Classics, 1990. Deleuze, Gilles. Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature. Theory and History of Literature. Vol. 30. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986. Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism, Or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham: Duke University Press, 1991. Rushdie, Salman. The Satanic Verses. 1988.† London: Vintage, 1998. Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Vintage 1979. Walcott, Derek. Collected Poems, 1948-1984. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1992. Young, Robert. White Mythologies: History Writing and the West. London and New York: Routledge (1991).